You’ve already seen how in Italian usually feminine nouns (like ragazza) end in ‑e in the plural, and masculine nouns (like ragazzo) end in ‑i.
However, there are also some words that end in ‑e (like animale) in the singular. These nouns end in ‑i in the plural (animali).
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| la ragazza | le ragazze |
| il ragazzo | i ragazzi |
| il giornale | i giornali |
| l'elefante | gli elefanti |
Tragically, like in English, some Italian words have completely irregular plurals. For example, you’re already familiar with l’uomo and its special plural form gli uomini.
At the beginning of a word, the letter h is silent in Italian. But when h follows c or g, it changes the sound of these letters.
ho
silent h, as in “hour”
cuochi
it sounds like k, as in “kit”
ghiaccio
as in “get”
Usually, when forming the plural of a noun, you want to keep the same sound as in the original word. Because c + ‑i and c + ‑e (as in cibo and cena) would change the sound of ‑co and ‑ca, you’ll need to add an h in between to block the sound change.
The same happens with g + ‑i and g + ‑e (as in mangi and gelato) because they’d sound different from ‑go and ‑ga.
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| il cuoco | i cuochi |
| la mucca | le mucche |
| il fungo | i funghi |
So remember that the plural forms of words that end in ‑co, ‑ca, ‑go, and ‑ga usually include an h.